ALZ / Alzheimers

MSC-derived exosomes (tiny cell-made vesicles) can cross the blood–brain barrier and deliver regenerative signals that MSCs themselves can’t. In animal Alzheimer’s models, they boosted neurotrophic factors like BDNF and NGF (supporting neuron growth/survival), reduced pro-inflammatory molecules, and were associated with less amyloid plaque buildup and better performance on memory/cognition tasks. Early human trials are still small and preliminary, but so far look generally tolerable and show hints of reduced inflammation—meaning it’s promising, but not yet proven or ready as a standard treatment.

Intravenous transplantation of bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (BMMCs) successfully improved cognitive function and prevented neurodegeneration in two different Alzheimer's disease mouse models.