Immunosuppression

The authors show that bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC) can reverse stroke-induced thymic atrophy, restore thymic structure, and normalize peripheral T-cell populations in a mouse tMCAO model.

This phase II randomized trial demonstrates that autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) is significantly more effective than mitoxantrone at reducing MRI-detected disease activity in patients with aggressive multiple sclerosis. Results showed a 79% reduction in new T2 lesions and a significant decrease in relapse rates, supporting the need for larger phase III clinical trials.